This study analysed low carbon hydrogen supply alternatives to the European market. The key results were the following:
- Production of hydrogen using renewable electricity is most competitive in Morocco
- Production of hydrogen using renewable electricity is not competitive compared to SMR with CCS production
- For larger distances, transport as ammonia is most competitive for that region
- High LCOHT for large distances can potentially be a driver for global price differences
- Hydrogen produced through SMR with CCS in Rotterdam is the most competitive
- If one only considers PEM, supply from Morocco is cheaper than production in Europe
- Cost reductions in electrolysers do make this option more competitive, but does not alter the international merit-order
- Higher capacity factors of renewables could change the merit-order
![](https://superp2g.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/WP5-Spatial-economic-analysis-of-low-carbon-hydrogen.png)